Composite metal plate



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. .1 HLL luullidld hit-U DEVECEQ Patented Feb. 19, 1929.

UINITEID STATESPATENT' oFFicE.

HENRY LFCOL E S AND JOSEPH G. DONALDSON, OF HAMILTON, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO GUARDIAN METALS COMPANY, OF HAMILTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF DELA- WARE.

comosrrn METAL PLATE.

N0 Drawing. Original application filed August 5, 1924, Serial No. 730,194. Divided and this application I filed February 4, 1926. Serial No. 86,034.

The object of our iiivention is to produce a composite plate or mass including a metallic alloy which shall be capable of resisting melting or oxidation, as by the local application of high heat by means of the blow pipe or other device, also which shall be capable of resisting disruption by explosives and cutting by drills or other tools.

7 In carrying out our invention-we employ, primarily, what we shall term herein a major high melting point metal, meaning by this term that'the principal constituent of the alloy consists of a metal or combination of metals having a melting point above 2200 C. Illustrations of such a metal or metals are tungsten, molybdenum, uranium, etc. In fact it is intended to cover by the above term all metals of high melting point included Within Group 6 of Mendelejefis Periodic Table, and for the purposes of this invention.

the major metal may consist of one of these, as, for instance, tungsten, or, two, as for instance tungstenand molybdenum as desired. With this major metal we combine a smaller percentage (preferably from 10% to 25% of the resulting alloy) of 'another metal, such as nickel. It is essential that the alloy contain carbon or carbides, and these may be absorbed from the hearth or may be added in the form of the carbides of the metals employed, or may be directly added to the mixture during the melting process. Such carbon may be added in varying proportions,

care being taken, however, that the metals be not saturated therewith and thus converted entirely into carbide, our purpose being to. mix a metal with its metallic carbide and not to use the-carbide of a metal alone. From 2% to'5% of carbon has been found to give satisfactory results.

To a. metallic alloy having the constituents above stated we may, if desired, add copper .in any suitable proportion, preferably in the form of copper sulphide or cupro-silcon;

Again, if desired, the metallic alloy, as above stated, may be used as a core, molten copper or other metal being cast about it, in which case over the areas of contact between casing and core an alloying action will take place, producing at such points material of very high melting point, practically burn-resisting and drill-resisting, and possessing an added advantage residing in the high heat conductivity or the encompassing copper.

In practicing our process the electric turmice may advantageously be employed, in

which the major metal may be melted and the though not essential. If desired, either the oxide or the sulphide may be present in excess in order that the reaction may be carried to completion. For the purpose of illustration, Where but a single major high melting point metal is employed, the following charge may be used i 700 lbs. tungsten concentrates (approximately 66% W0 1&0 lbs. nickel sulphide.

lbs. calcium sulphate (CaSO,,) 20 lbs. calcium fluoride (CaF A typical charge for an alloy using two major high melting point metals is as follows 600 lbs. tungsten concentrates (approximately 66% W05).

400 lbs. molybdenite (approximately 85% MoS 100 lbs. nickel sulphide N i5).

60 lbs. calcium sulphate ((11180 20 lbs.'calcium fluoride (CaF. The carbon may be added directly to the charge or may be absorbed. from the hearth or from the drippings ofthe electrodes in case carbon is desired. It added directly to the charge'it is preferable to introduce the nickel in metallic form toward the end of the reaction, the quantum of nickel introduced amounting to approximately 4% to 8% of the completed alloy. Also, if desired, copper sulphide may be added during the reaction. .It may also be noted that in place of the tungto take place between 1300 {and 1400 0., is as follows ut which also will not absorb sulphur at the 1 beginning of the reaction. As the tempera-- ture rises the calcium sulphate begins to dissociate into calcium oxide'(CaO) and sulphur tri-oxide (SO- 1 The calcium oxide together-1 v with the calcium fluoride (which acts to lower 2 the'melting point of the slag) form aibasic sulphur at the beginning ofth slag which is highly effective in absorbing sulphur'from the alloywhen, formed at the end of the reaction. Such slag possesses: therefore the three advantageous qualities:

found desirable in the production of a proper yield of metal, as heretofore generally 'indicated, i. e., fluidity,'non-absc rptiveness of e reaction and capacity for volatilizing at this close of the reaction, the remaining portien forming-a basic slag to assistjin purifying the alloy of sulphur found therein. We may add that with slags differently constituted the metal would, on ,occasion, be found mixed there- 80 alloy herein described and arranged either inwith, offering difiiculty in subsequent separation; also by theuse of the slag} herein described the maximum yield of clear metal is obtained.

Good results may be produced by a mod ficaton of the second t pical charge specified above, i. e., the SllbStltlltlOIl of copper sulphidefor-molybdenite. Or, if desired, either retaining or'omitting the molybdenite, copper may be added directly to the mixture at the end of the melt, or, as previously set forth, the alloy maybe used as a core, an encasi ng mass of metal being cast. about it, in which case further alloying. will take place at the areas of contact.

A metal alloy produced as above indlcated as by means of oxygen. If'found somewhat lacking in ductility a composite mass of metal may be made up employing such an alloy as laminae separated by other (and more duetile) metals, and preferably welded thereto or alloyed therewith.- The capacity for resisting the application of high heat permits the use of the .alloy'in very thin strata, and such resistance is mcreased where the alloy is encased in another metal due to the heat-. conductivity of the latter, which permits the heat from the torch-to be dissipated.

Thus, one or more plates made up of the alignment or in staggered relation and either in contact, or'partialcontact, with each other or separatedto any desired. extent and by I any suitable means may, as by casting, be emfor us e,'for example, in the-constructionot Safe,,and vault doors vault 'linings,'etc. If-

desired, the. encompassingmetal may be of copper, either. in whole or in part, suchflmaterial having high'heat conductivity. It will i be understoodthat under attack, as by an oxyacetylene torch, the-encompassing metal acts,

as a first line of defense, resisting, by reason of its high heat-conductivity, the "localizing Hand consequent destructive. cflect oftheap-j I plicati0n of the l1at' of the to1'ch'."" If,- h0W-'.

jeve'r, asa result of applying suflicient energy and for a sufii cient length of time, the encompassing-mass is penetrated, the torch next'encounters the layer or layers ofthe alloyabove 1 l described, which, certainly" under conditions ordlnarily' obtaining, blocks further progress toward penetration of the plateormass as a whole.

VVhat we claim is:. 1 .'A meta llic plate comprising an allo. having incorporated'therein upwards 0L 7 0% tungsten, substantially -10%*nickel, and substantially 14% copper; and ametalof high heat conductivity substantially encompass- 4 mg sald alloy and being united thereto as.

by alloying therewith.

2. A 'metallic plate comprising-an'alloyfl having incorporated therein upwardsof 70% tungsten, 4 to 10% nickel, and 2 to 14% 0013-;

per; and a n tal of high heat conductivity substantially encompassing" said alloy and.

being united thereto as by alloying therewith,

3. A metallic plate comprising an alloyhavi'ng incorporated therein upwards of 70% tungsten, substantially 10% nickel, substan 7 tially 14%copper, and vsubstantially 4%.

carbon; anda metal of high hcatconductivity substantially encompassing] said allow and being united thereto as by alloying there-with. will resist melting bythe application of high heat as by 'means of a blow torch also cutting 4. A metallic plate comprising an alloy tungsten, 4 to 10% nickel, 2 to 14-% copper,

and 1- to 4% carbon; and a metal of high heat conductivity substantiallyencompassing said alloy and'being' united thereto as by alloy"- ing therewith. I a

5. A metallic plate comprising-an alloy .15. having incorporated therein upwards of 70% I tungsten, 4 to 10% nickel, 2 to 14% copper,

and 1,to4% carbon; and cast iron substan tiallyencompassing said alloy and being united thereto to form a-composite mass.

This specification signed this 27 day of January, 1926.

HENRY L. COLES.

- JOSEPH G..DONAYLDSON.J. 

